| what produces a variety of weather |
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| combination of earth’s motions and energy from the sun |
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| what is the climate based on |
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| climate is based on observations of weather that have been collected over many years. climate helps describe a place of region |
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| air is a mixture of different gases particles each with its own physical properties. the combination of air varies from time to time and from place to place |
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| what two gases make up 99 percent of dry air |
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| Nitrogen and oxygen make up 99 percent of the volume of clean, dry air |
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| what gas plays a significant role in heating the atmosphere |
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| carbon dioxide is an active absorber of energy given off by earth. therefore, it plays a significant role in heating the atmosphere |
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| what is the source of all clouds and precipitation |
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| water vapor is the source of all clouds and precipitation. like carbon dioxide, water vapor absorbs heat given off earth |
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| what are some particles that remain suspended for long periods of time |
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| sea salts from breaking waves, fine soil blown into air, smoke and soot from fires, pollen & microorganisms lifted by the winds,& ash & dust from volcanic eruptions |
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| when do oxygen atoms split into single atoms of oxygen |
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| they split when they absorb ultraviolet radiation emitted from the sun |
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| ozone absorb harmful uv radiation from the sun. our planet would uninhabitable for many living organism if ozone wasn’t there |
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| what accounts for nearly half the primary pollutants by weight |
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| emission from transportation vehicles |
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| what are the secondary pollutants |
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| they are not emitted directly into the air. they form in the atmosphere when reactions take place among primary pollutants and other substances |
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| what are photo-chemical reactions |
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| reactions triggered by strong sunlight |
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| what is atmospheric pressure |
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| atmosphere pressure is simply the weight of the air above |
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| how many layers is the atmosphere divided into |
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| in what layer do most weather phenomena occur |
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| where does most energy that drives weather and climate come from |
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| what creates winds and dives the ocean’s currents |
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| it is the unequal heating of Earth that creates winds and drives the ocean current. these movements transport heat from the topics toward the poles in an attempt to balance energy differences. the results of these processes are the phenomena we call weather |
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| rotation spinning of earth about its axis. the axis is an imaginary line running through the north and south poles . our planet rotates once every 24 |
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| Revolution is the movement of earth in its orbit around the sun. earth travels at nearly 113000 kilometers per hour in an elliptical orbit about the sun |
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| what are the degrees the earth is tilted |
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| what is the length of daylight determined by |
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| it is determined by earth’s position in orbit |
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| what are the three mechanisms for energy transfer |
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| conduction, convection & radiation |
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| what can radiant energy travel through |
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| Radiant energy can travel through the vacuum of space |
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| do hot or cold radiate more energy |
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| hotter objects radiate more total energy per unit area than colder objects do |
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| reflection occurs when light bounces off an object. about 30% the solar energy reaching the outer atmosphere is reflected back to space |
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| does land or water heat higher temperature faster |
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| land heats more rapidly and higher temperature than water. land also cools more rapidly and lower temperatures than water. temperature variation ; therefore, are considered greater over land than over water |
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| what is a coast in which winds blow from the ocean onto the shore |
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| albedo is the fraction of the total radiation that is reflected by any surface. many clouds have a high albedo and therefore reflect a significant portion of the sunlight that strike them back to space |
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| what does the extent of cloud cover influence |
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| what type of lines connects points of the same temperature |
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by admin